Curriculum Shule Direct Kenya Secondary School Form 2 Biology Kenya

Biology Kenya Form 2 Syllabus

  1. Transport in Plants and Animals
    1. Transport in Plants and Animals
      1. Meaning and importance of transport systems
      2. Absorption of water and mineral salts
      3. Internal structure of root and root hairs
      4. Absorption of water
      5. Active uptake of mineral salts
      6. Definition of transpiration
      7. Review of the structure of the leaf
      8. Structure and function of xylem
      9. Factors affecting transpiration
      10. Forces involved in water movement in plants: Transpiration pull, cohesion and adhesion, capillarity and root pressure
      11. Translocation
      12. Structure and function of phloem
      13. Materials translocated (omit mechanisms of translocation)
      14. Comparison between open and closed circulatory system
      15. Mammalian Circulatory System
      16. Structure and function of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
      17. Diseases and defects of the circulatory system (Thronbosis, Varicose veins, Arterio-sclerosis) and how to control them
      18. The Structure and Functions of Blood
      19. Composition of blood
      20. Functions of blood plasma
      21. The structure and functions of red blood cells and white blood cells
      22. Mechanism of blood clotting and its importance
      23. Blood groups (ABO system and the Rhesus factor)
      24. Immune Responses
      25. Natural and artificial immunity
      26. Allergic reactions
      27. Importance of vaccinations against diseases (Tuberculosis, Poliomyletis, Measles, Diphtheria, Whooping cough)
  2. Gaseous Exchange
    1. Gaseous Exchange
      1. Gaseous exchange in living organisms (necessity)
      2. Gaseous exchange in plants
      3. Mechanisms of opening and closing of stomata
      4. The process of gaseous exchange in root, stem and leaves of both aquatic (floating) and terrestrial plants
      5. Gaseous Exchange in Animals
      6. Types and characteristics of respiratory surfaces - cell membrane, gills, buccal cavity, skin and lungs
      7. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in:Protozoa - amoeba
      8. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in:Insect - grasshopper
      9. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in:Fish - bonyfish
      10. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in:Amphibia - frog
      11. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in:Mammal - human
      12. Factors affecting rate of breathing in humans
      13. Respiratory diseases: Asthma, Bronchitis, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumonia and whooping cough
  3. Respiration
    1. Respiration
      1. Meaning and significance of respiration
      2. Tissue respiration
      3. Mitochondrion - structure and function
      4. Aerobic respiration (Details of Kreb's cycle not required)
      5. Anaerobic respiration in plants and animals, the products and by-products
      6. Application of anaerobic respiration in industry and at home
      7. Compare the energy output of aerobic and anaerobic respiration
  4. Excretion and Homeostasis
    1. Excretion and Homeostasis
      1. Excretion in plants
      2. Methods of excretion in plants
      3. Useful and harmful excretory products of plants and their economic importance e.g. caffeine in tea and coffee, quinine, tannins,colchicine, cocaine, rubber, gum, papain (from pawpaw) and products of cannabis sativa (bhang) and khat (miraa)
      4. Excretion and Homeostasis in Animals
      5. Distinction between excretion, homeostatis and egestion
      6. Excretion in a named uni-cellular organisms (protozoa)
      7. Structure and functions of skin and kidney
      8. Neuro-endocrine system and homeostasis: Water balance (blood osmotic pressure), Blood sugar level (control), Tempearature regulation (mention the role of hypothalamus)
      9. Common kidney diseases, their systoms and possible methods of prevention and control
      10. The role of the skin in thermoregulation, salt and water balance
      11. Major functions of the liver, their symptoms and possible methods of prevention/control

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